Cjs 210 Week 6 Checkpoint

Reactive Patrol CJS/210 January 17, 2012 Michael Catanzarita Reactive Patrol As I read chapter seven â€Å"Patrol and Traffic â€Å", I learn that a reactive patrol is a form of random patrol. Random patrol is said to be incident driven, or reactive, in that officers are responding to crimes only after they occur, either through rapid response to calls for service or to a violation or call in progress. Due to officer constantly moving it makes responding to these 911 calls easier and faster to respond. The specific activities an officer engages in while on random patrol vary significantly across officers, times, locations, and departments, because much of the time spent on patrol is officer initiated (Grant & Terry, 2008). I also learned about proactive patrol which is known as a Directed patrol. A direct patrol focuses more on targeted hot spots, crime problems, and/or offenders. Directed patrol addresses the problem-identification component of the problem solving process (Grant & Terry, 2008). Sometimes a directed patrol can occur on an informal level; this may be when an officer regularly drives past hot spots during random wanderings or parking the squad car in a specific location when writing reports are examples of an informal level. If policing agencies adopted only one of these patrol styles it would be harder to have police discretion. The condition of officer’s reaction to certain responds would change. If there was only reactive patrol officers would never be able to try to stop crimes before they happen. It would be wonderful to be able to stop all crimes before they happen but in all actuality we know this is not possible and that is why we need reactive and proactive patrol to keep our streets safe. Reference Grant, H. B. , & Terry, K. J. (2008). Law Enforcement. Patrol and Traffic, 7(Chapter 7), 171-172.

Comparison of ‘Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone’ and ‘Aice in Wonderland’ Essay

The piece of extract that I have chosen to analyse from ‘Harry Potter and the Philosophers stone’ is from chapter thirteen, ‘Ron’s nerves were at breaking point†¦he was petrified’. The reason why I have chosen to explore this piece of text is because there are numerous occasions in this extract where some of the characters face a challenge. From ‘Alice in Wonderland’, the text that I have chosen to analyse is from chapter one, ‘there was nothing very remarkable†¦it would not open’. I have chosen to explore this extract because it is in this piece of text where Alice enters Wonderland although she has no clue of where she is. ‘Harry Potter and the Philosophers stone’ is about an orphan called Harry Potter who is reluctantly been taken in by his relative, the Dursleys, a mean-spirited unimaginative family. Immediately our sympathies lie with Harry as we see how he is mistreated by the Dursleys. It is not until his eleventh birthday when he learns the truth about himself and his life is changed forever. Harry learns that he is a wizard and that his parents had not died in a car crash like how he was told but they were killed by a very powerful dark wizard whose name is not mainly said and called ‘You know who’ because of how much the other wizards fear him. From this point on, Harry leaves the Dursleys and moves into a completely opposite world where he is a very famous figure and attends Hogwarts, a school that teaches witchcraft and wizardry. Throughout the book, Harry faces opposition from almost wherever he goes. ‘Alice in Wonderland’ is about a young girl who finds herself in an unfamiliar and an extraordinary, mystical world known as ‘Wonderland’. Alice enters Wonderland after she slips down a rabbit hole in pursuit of a rabbit she hears talking. She follows the rabbit down a very deep rabbit hole and falls into a room. She doesn’t know where she is but that does not make her panic. She then comes across a bottle containing a magical potion which causes Alice to shrink in size and here she faces a challenge in getting hold of the golden key which she had left on top of the wooden table. The main characters from both novels are portrayed very differently to each other. In the extract from ‘Harry Potter and the Philosophers stone’, Harry faces a challenge in finding the snitch before the Hufflepuff seeker finds it. This is made difficult for Harry, firstly because he feels pressure from Wood and the other Gryffindor team players as this is a very crucial game for them and secondly because Snape is refereeing the match and he will be biased against Gryffindor. Just as Harry feels pressure, in Carroll’s novel Alice is portrayed as very ignorant towards the natural world. This is the reason why Alice does not see it as being strange when she hears a rabbit say to itself ‘Oh dear, Oh dear! I shall be late!’ it is not until the rabbit takes a watch out of its waistcoat, she realizes that it is very unusual for a rabbit to make this action and this is why she follows him down the rabbit hole. The Victorian era plays a large role in Carroll’s novel. The queen was the dominant figure at the time. It was also an era of punctuality which regards to the rabbit being late. The Victorian era was an age of growth and self-discovery, this relates to Alice discovering a completely new world whereas in Rowling’s novel, Harry does not only ‘discover’ a completely different world but faces a major challenge in discovering his own self, which he finds very difficult to believe at the start because he has spent the last few years of his life in a cupboard under a staircase. In Carroll’s novel, the queen is dominant over Wonderland unlike Rowling’s novel, where there is no queen or king of the magical world, but there is a ‘Ministry of Magic’ which tries to keep the Magical World away from the non-magical world. Hagrid describes the Ministry of Magic as ‘messin things up as usual’ and we get a very similar impression of t he queen in Carroll’s novel . Like many other novels from the Victorian times, Carroll’s novel also has a reference to the class. We get this impression when Alice struggles to get hold of the golden key which she had forgotten on top of the wooden table. In Rowling’s novel, there is no reference to the class instead it is all about whether someone is ‘pure-blood’, ‘half-blood’ or a ‘mudblood’. Hermione is taunted by Malfoy and the other Slytherins for being a ‘mud-blood’ or having non-magical parents. The reason why the Slytherins tease mud-bloods is because they are all pure-bloods themselves. Ron on the other hand is a pure blood but is teased for the lack of money his family has. In this extract Ron faces a challenge in dealing with Malfoy when he is insulted by him. Ron chooses the option of beating him up and as Crabbe and Goyle try to help Malfoy, Longbottom also gets involved to help Ron. Rowling has done this to show that Longbottom has the courage to face his enemies even though he is bullied by Malfoy and his gang because they think he is very stupid and doesn’t have the courage to stand up for himself. It is not that Longbottom gets involved shows us he has courage but he takes on two other people who are much bigger than him in size. Ron’s action shows us that he has a very short temper and if he loses it then he can be very brutal. From the extract I have chosen from Carroll’s novel, Alice faces a challenge in finding out where she is and how to get out. At the end of the fall, Alice hears the rabbit and does not give up in chasing it which leads her into a long, low hall. She finds a key and faces a challenge in finding the door the key goes to. After she finds that the key goes to none of the doors, she still does not panic instead she goes around again and finds the real door but notices that the door is too small. It is a major challenge for her to recognize the real world. When she is falling down the rabbit hole, she thinks that the people on the other side of the Earth would walk on their heads whereas she does not understand that everyone is pulled to the centre of the earth and the fact that it is impossible for anyone to walk on their head. She also thinks that she will virtually fall right through the Earth but this is also impossible. Her ignorance is the factor that makes her so unafraid of anything and this is the explanation to the fact that she heard the rabbit talk and didn’t find it so ‘remarkable’. Carroll Characterizes Alice as being a show off with her vocabulary and he does this by putting a load of non-sense in her speech. Harry on the other hand is described as very quite and completely the opposite of ‘showing off’, this is why despite knowing how famous he is, he does not use it to show off.

Active Living for the Older Person

Active Living for the Older Person Annmarie Leonard Introduction I am required to compile a report on active living in retirement for the older person. I have to include answers to the following four questions: The role of the carer/organisations in promoting positive attitudes to ageing and retirement. Ethnic and cultural influences on the older person in relation to retirement. How health promotion and therapeutic interventions can enhance quality of life for person after retirement. Discuss how family members can be included as partners in care for the older person. The methodology I will be using throughout is the internet, books, library, work experience, personal experience and my own local facilities. I will be referencing throughout and I will have a bibliography at the end. Who is an older person? Who has the right to put an age on it? NOBODY. Each of us are individuals and our daily living is completely different so therefore our level of energy, fitness and so on are also different. We are all un ique in our own ways. Society today has different views on age, some think 40 is old and others say 50 is old, when in actual fact age is only a number. People preparing for retirement should never be made to feel like there life is ending. They need to be supported by their families and friends in order to make the transition from working 5 days a week for the last 40 odd years to having a lot more free time on their hands. A positive attitude towards retirement is a must also and you will find that the fear for these people is quiet strong and may cause them a lot of stress and anguish if they are not supported emotionally and reassured about everything including the bright future that lies ahead for them. The services and activities available in their local area will show them that there life is still well and truly for living. My own area of Edenderry supplies a wide range of activities for not only retiring people but also stuff that there family may want to become involved wit h. My local nursing home Ofalia House runs a day care centre in their premises which supply numerous activities for the older people in the community. These include daily games of bingo which all generations enjoy. I pop along with my nanny every now and then. Arts and Crafts, Pottery and Exercise classes are also available. Some services include a hairdressers at reduced rates so it won’t break the bank. (Ofalia House 2015) Along with what I believe to be an amazing service called â€Å"Meals On Wheels†. (Meals on Wheels 2014) They supply dinners to locals who for whatever reason may not wish to attend the day care facility. This service is very convenient for people and reasonably priced saving them time and money. My local library also runs a chess class for all ages on a Wednesday evening from 7pm-8pm. Arts and Crafts is also on here on a Wednesday morning from 11am-1pm. (Offaly County Council 2014) My local GAA club also runs bingo every Sunday night. This c ould be suitable for people who like to go out of an evening as opposed to playing at the day care centre. Again all the family can join in. (Edenderry GAA 2014) There are also a number of organisations which aid with retirement and other needs for the older person, some of which include Age Action, Bluebird Care, Active Retirement Ireland and Age & Opportunity. These are amazing sites with loads of information for the retiring person their family and also their possible healthcare assistants. It is also the carer’s duty along with the families in order to show encouragement and to be positive about everything. I would also be offering my hand of friendship which in turn will lead to their trust in me and I would take the time to sit and talk about their life experiences through which I have no doubt that I would gain loads of knowledge from and I would value every second that I was in their company. Sometimes all that is needed is a good chat and a cup of tea. They need to be felt valued and that their voice is been heard.

Airline Customer Service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Airline Customer Service - Research Paper Example With the many options that are in the travel market today, airline customer service has to be top notch in order to gain repeat customers. Needs and expectations of the customers Airline customer services have deteriorated in the recent years due to growth of the travel industry. There has been lack of amenities. The airlines use the 9/11 events as reason for their actions by justifying it as economical necessity. Further implementation of newer technology for security screening has added to the frustration of the customers. There is also the matter of the employee and customer relation. This is usually transmitted from the management level. The way they are treated by the management, which in turn is reflected in the employees’ behaviour towards the customers, affects the employees’ morale. Airline companies are constantly in competition with each other for every customer, but even then they are not making the necessary investment in the customer service department. It is not logical for the travel industry professionals to believe that the customers expect 100% efficiency in the airport services. Mostly customers expect some failure in service but at the same time they expect every effort from the Airline Companies to maximise service efficiency. Service failure can occur when the customer’s expectation regarding the level of service is not met. Customers’ expectations too vary. ... The idea was that if the Passenger Bill of Rights was passed through the Congress, then there could be a set of guidelines to perform service to the customers and there could be penalty where there will be non-compliance. Over the years, customers’ tolerance level on bad service has declined. Based on this the airport companies feel there is increased possibility of air rage among customers. A study has been made on customer’s perception towards air rage. There are certain physiological and physical factors over which the airlines have no control like flight delay owing to poor weather. In such case even though the customers perceive this as bad service they still do not have the propensity to air rage. The study has further shown that there is a decline in the customers’ expectations for high level of airport service. Many people feel that flight delays, overbooking and cases of lost baggage are common occurrences these days. If this is true then the customers h old these expectations while traveling long distance in flights. In such cases air rage occurrences get suppressed. Airline customers feel that they are entitled to certain privileges and if they are not granted, the customers are inclined towards more aggressive behavior. Dissatisfaction can arise in customers when there is bad service after good service. One way of moderating customers’ perception of bad service is to provide positive act after a poor service. If airline services can make up for any poor service then the customers may not approve of air rage. Reducing the customers’ negative attitudes towards airlines can create customer satisfaction. Hence the airline company should take every

Nursing Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Intervention - Essay Example History of music therapy In the United States music therapy began in the 18th century. However, using music for treatment began thousands of years ago this is evident even in the- bible and some early writings of India and China. The music program was introduced in the US in 1984. This was after a cancer support group in the US came up with the program to assist in cancer treatment. Music has been used in medicine for many years; Greeks had a belief that music could heal both the soul and body. Music was used in rituals to heal millennia in native America. Music was also used in World War II by US doctors for healing soldiers who suffered shell shock. Hains (1996) reveals that in 1994 Michigan State University came up with the music therapy degree. Today, more universities offer both undergraduate and postgraduate degree in music therapy most of these degree courses are proven by the American Music therapy association. To qualify, the bachelor’s degree holders must at least ha ve trained for 1200 hours in clinical training and at least one internship session. Many hospitals these days have music therapists working for them as cancer-management teams and cancer centers helping in planning and evaluation of treatment. Some services are even covered with health insurance agencies. Research Research has shown the value of music therapy on the mind, body and spirit of both adults and children it has shown that music therapy when used with anti-nausea drugs for patients on chemotherapy helps in easing both nausea and vomiting; some experiments have even shown that music therapy can treat short-term pain including cancer pains. Some studies have shown that music therapy can be used to reduce the period through which a patient undergoes pain. It has also been discovered that when used hand in hand with painkillers, it can to reduce the amount of pain drugs in patients. Some studies have shown that music therapy can also be used to improve comfort, relaxation and pain control. According to Hains (1996), quite a number of cancer patients who used music therapy were discovered to have improved health status in relation to their life spans. It was discovered that most of the music therapy was effective in the short term effect while it had little or no effect in long-term. Heart rate, blood pressure, depression and breathing rate have also been seen to reduce in cases of music therapy no one can tell the way music can affect the life of people as research is still going on and more is still coming up. Students taking music lessons have been discovered to have an improved IQ as compared to those who do not have music lessons; a fact that has extended even to nonmusical performances. These studies show how music can be used in so many ways and can be used to improve the lives of people. Benefits of music therapy Music therapy can be used with a variety of emotional and psychological symptoms. It can be used to treat cancer as well as help reduce pain, anxiety and nausea, which are discomforts experienced after chemotherapy. Some believe that music therapy can be used to improve the healthcare of children with cancer by promoting cooperation and social interaction (Hains, 1996). Research has further proven that music therapy helps to improve the concentration span of an individual. It has

Marketing 4050 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing 4050 - Assignment Example Commentary feature focuses on minor issues in the country while the Briefing feature deals with the social life style of the citizens. The Culture feature in the magazine is business oriented. The leading article in the magazine clearly related to the ad on the front page. The article reads â€Å"Can this man save Europe? â€Å" The cover page has the picture of Italy’s Mario Monti who is the Prime Minister. He has a difficult task for stopping the European crisis as the continent is in heavy debts. The Time Magazine faces stiff completion from other types of magazine that tend to offer the same type of information. It faces stiff competition from New York Magazine and The Monthly Issue Washington DC. This is a good investment as information is process daily. To be able to make good sales by conveying this information through magazines, one has to have a high-quality and attractive ad . This will lure the readers into reading thereby making

Zoot Suit Movie Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zoot Suit Movie Critique - Essay Example Henry Reyna being the leader of an American-Mexicans group is sent to prison without any substantial evidence over the death of a man in Sleepy Lagoon, Jose Williams. Lawyer George Shearer and Editor Alice begin to fight for the release and the rights of the alleged murderers. Henry and his friends thereby receive an unjust and unfair treatment from the court system as they are sentenced to a period in prison, even though evidential statements indicate that William was killed by the Downey gang. Zoot Suit is mainly based on factual events that surrounded the Hispanic gang members for the killings in Los Angeles in the year 1942 and the demonstrations that ensued right after their arrest. Henry Reyna and his friends, a 38th street gang member went to have fun, and in the process collided with its rival crew, the Downey. Rudy, Henry’s brother provoked a commotion and a fight commenced between the two groups. Henry, later on, his way home confused a commotion, caused by the Downey gang to a party at Williams the Ranch. After some few days, Henry and his friends are arrested and unfairly sentenced over the murder of William. Zoot Suit incorporates drama to emphasize on some specific themes that are currently relative. The drama does an exploration of family relationships and the burden of a child’s growth in racially discriminating environments. The social themes depicted in the play include tragic results from gang violence, injustices, racial discrimination and oppression.

Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Article Analysis - Essay Example Targeting the investors and potential investors in the Canadian stock exchange, the article warns them of the imminent crisis that has already started taking shape on the economy of Canada. It also targets the policymakers who are supposed to take into account the pitfalls and offer solutions of how the situation can be improved. According to them, an investor who opts to hold their investments in the Canadian BMO Capital Market Authority or any investment banks in the country risk making losses from their investments. They provide evidence supporting their hypothesis which indicates a losing trend that the Loonie has been facing in the recent years. Basically, the subject of their argument is the contribution of the oil crisis to the poor performance of the Canadian dollar in relation to other currencies and the U.S. dollar. Other contributing factors to soring the situation have been discussed, which include low buying of the government bonds and the decreasing demand for Canadaâ⠂¬â„¢s triple-A-rated sovereign debt. The poor performance of the loonie against other currencies prompted Walter & Karen to write this article. Most importantly however, it was the poor sale of the country’s crude oil that made the issue more serious warranting their reference to the poor performance of the currency. The fact that Canada’s oil prices have been performing poorly in reference to other oil producing states is evidence to this. Trading at about $ 65 a barrel, the Canadian oil poorly performs against international oil prices. In the article, 'Loonie' Slips on Oil Patch Walter & Karen explores the influence of Canada’s oil reserves on the performance of the Canadian dollar. While the global crude oil prices have remained competitively high, the poor price of the Canadian oil proves to be a liability to the country’s economy and exchange rate. The major contributing factor of this trend is the boom in the U.S. oil in the Northern American regio n. A barrel of the Canadian oil trades at only $65 dollars, while the international market prices stand at $115 per barrel. Contrary to other currencies that move along with the changes in the oil prices, the loonie has been facing a downward performance against the dollar, shedding off 0.5% this year. The biggest disadvantage of the Canadian currency, points out experts is over reliance on petrol exports. The weak currency is expected to remain weak so long as the oil prices remain low. Effects of the poor prices of the oil have not only negatively influenced on the currency performance, notes Walter & Karen. The shocks of this have been felt by the economy, negatively affecting the annual economic growth which the central bank forecasted to drop from 2.3% to 2%. Moreover, the prices have also contributed to a widening trade deficit, reaching up to C$2 billion. As experts continue loosing hope in the recovery of the dollar, more investors keep pulling out of the market. Data indica tes so, as bonds have been facing a decreasing trend since June of last year, hitting the lowest point in November. As more people shy from bond buying that was the biggest source of income for the country’s funds, the face value of the currency seems to be overvalued. The oil

Was Ronald Reagan a Good President Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Was Ronald Reagan a Good President - Assignment Example Believing this view is subject to failure to realize the key achievement of the former president. 2. Crime: His address at the International Chiefs of Police did not go well with most people as he claimed that crime was a personal choice as opposed to the view that it was a means to survival for some people. His attitude failed in the realization of the real effect of crime in the society leading to wastage of funds in the fight against crime and drug abuse. 3. Defense: During his tenure at the oval office, Reagan increased the budgetary allocation on defense for a period of six consecutive years. This led to a lot of expenditure on defense leading to wastage of public funds and construction of unnecessary demands. The security challenges that were facing the United States at that time were very real and disastrous if they were to manifest. Massive expenditure in the military was thus the best idea in a bid to ensure the nation.

Classical Conditioning At Work (Pschology) Essay

Classical Conditioning At Work (Pschology) - Essay Example 3. The smell of the food is the Unconditioned Stimulus and Kyle’s hunger and drooling is the Unconditioned Response. The ring of the Microwave, which is associated with the food, is the Conditioned Stimulus and Kyle drooling whenever the bell rings is the Conditioned Response. 4. Lucy’s cousin’s scream and cry and dragging Lucy brutally into the house while playing is the Unconditioned Stimulus and Lucy’s fear is the Unconditioned Response. The proposition of playing outside later becomes the Conditioned Stimulus and Lucy’s fear of ‘wasps’ associated with playing is the Conditioned Response. 5. The situation in which Pooyi had to give a speech in the English class is the Unconditioned Stimulus. Pooyi getting nervous and fearing that she would be sick is the Unconditioned Response. The fact that Barbara was sitting in the front row with too much Passion perfume makes the smell of the Passion perfume the Conditioned Stimulus and Pooyi feeling extremely nervous and sick to her stomach every time she smells Passion perfume is the Conditioned Response. 6. The electric razor shorting out and burning the chin of Moussa is the Unconditioned Stimulus. The pain and shock Moussa must have experienced then is the Unconditioned Response. Situations where Moussa has to handle electric toasters, coffee makers and toaster ovens are instances of Conditioned Stimulus and Moussa’s fear of them is the Conditioned Response. 7. The electric shock is the Unconditioned Stimulus and the cat’s shock and pain is the Unconditioned Response. The blue light that was paired with the electric shocks is the Conditioned Stimulus and the cat’s heart racing when the blue light is presented is the Conditioned Response. 8. The sickness that Juma felt is the Unconditioned Stimulus and her suffering is the Unconditioned Response. The meatballs

Consumer Behaviour Analysis Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behaviour Analysis Essay In this competitive market, high quality of products may not be sufficient for companies to gain competitive edges in market (Palmer, 2004). In addition, according to Moutinho et al (1996), it seems that the nature of marketing is to satisfy the needs and requirements of consumers rather than product oriented. Thus, consumers play a prominent role in market as contemporary marketing is customer-oriented. However, it should be noticed that consumer behaviour is unstable because psychological factors have impacts on consumer behaviour. Moreover, Evans et al (2006) indicate that social factors also affect consumer behaviour. Although many companies have drawn attention to the status of consumers in market, they lack of the knowledge of consumer behaviour and guidelines to analysis their consumers. Therefore, the study of consumer behavior is necessary for helping companies clearly understand consumer behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to observe the effects of consumer behavior on established and new companies. Factors affecting consumer behavior will first be presented. The discussion of consumer behaviour’s effect on two types of companies will then be displayed, with a focus on brand loyalty, dynamic demands, and online shopping channels. Furthermore, for future development, effective approaches will be given to reduce the negative effects of customer behavior. Indeed, this paper briefly discusses some main effects of consumer behaviour on established and new companies, and it aims to help companies clearly understand consumer behaviour and further development. 1. Consumer Behaviour 1.1 Psychological influences A company has spent amounts of time developing a new product; however, after the company launches the product to markets, it could realize its efforts is wasted because customers reject its product in a few minutes. The reason is the company fails or neglects to analyze the psychological factors of consumers. Understanding psychological factors is essential for designing and publicizing a product, as these factors tend to influence consumer behaviour. According to Hollensen (2003:122), psychological factors include: â€Å"needs, perception, memory, and attitude†. With regards to the needs of consumers, marketers often distinguish the needs by using Maslow’s famous classification (1970). The classification divides the needs of people into five grades based on hierarchy. The higher level needs cannot be realized unless lower level needs are satisfied. For example, most African countries suffer from starvation. If a marketer sells luxury goods to African consumers, the marketer tends to fail because the marketer cannot understand what African people urgently need. Baker (2006:204) says â€Å"Sensation occurs when a sense organ receives a stimulus, while perception is the interpretation of that stimulus†. From the marketer’s viewpoint, it is essential to attract attention of consumers, and consumers can respond the way marketers intend to. For example, if a marketer chooses red colour to package products, the consumer likes all commodities with red packaging by chance; then, perception arises as this packaging draws the consumer attention. In terms of memory, when consumers make decision among kinds of brands, they prefer to select the brand that they remember. Hollensen (2003) observes consumers store information that is frequently seen or heard. Therefore, marketers try their best to publicize their brand name as much as possible with a view to making consumers remember their brand name when consumers select a product. Attitude can be described as consumers have positive and negative feelings when they see a object that can be a brand, an action, or a person. For this reason, marketers formulate marketing strategy based on using the knowledge of consume attitude in order to associate with consumer’s tastes and preferences. This subsection focuses on psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. In the latter subsection, it concerns social factors that would influence consumer behaviour. 1.2 Social influences Baker (2006) points out that social influences can be divided into three categories including culture, social class, and life-style. In terms of culture, Bennett and Kassarjian (1972) define culture as a consecutive form that can be passed on from one generation to another mainly including habits, beliefs, values, and attitudes. However, culture tends to be relatively unstable, and it is in the process of changing and inducing new ideas because of environmental change and technological change. In addition, Evans et al (2006) note that marketing is a contributory factor in changing of culture. For example, in China, before fast food restaurants of McDonald opened, Chinese people prefer to eat their own food such as porridge, rice, and noodles; nevertheless, after the US lifestyle has transmitted to China through McDonald, the eating habits of Chinese has changed as most of them, especially the young people, would choose hamburgers or chips instead of rice and noodles. With regard to social classes, this classes are groups who have similar characteristics usually including education, income, occupation, and social status (Baker, 2006). Consumers’ behaviour tends to be influenced by the values of social classes, when consumers are divided into one of social classes (Palmer, 2004). In general, social classes consist of three groups including upper class, middle class, and lower class. For example, if individuals identify with the â€Å"upper class†, they prefer to purchase products that differ from universal goods such as luxury necklaces, and advanced cars. Another aspect of social influences is lifestyle that is a way of living of people or families. For example, how people plan leisure time, which interesting products people prefer to purchase. In consumption activities, through analyzing people’s lifestyles, marketers probably know which groups of people tend to be their targets, hence they can design a suitable marketing mix for their targets. 1.3 The buying decision process The above paragraphs introduce influential factors that affect consumers’ decision making. For better understanding consumer behaviour, the process of buying decision is divided into five steps (Hollensen, 2003). The first step tends to be problem identification. According to Hollensen (2003), the differences between current situation and desired situation motivate consumers to seek and purchase products that probably bring satisfaction in order to balance the current condition with the desire. The second step is information search. Consumers gain information from past experiences and long memories stored in mind. In addition, Hollensen (2003) states that memory seeks information from three sources including personal sources, commercial sources, and public sources. The commercial sources are information disseminated by marketers and dealers. Thus, marketers tend to take use of this source in order to make consumer remember and store their brand name in long memory. The third step is evaluation of alternative. In this step, Hollensen (2003) points out that consumers tend to evaluate products from four attributes including cost attributes, performance attributes, social attributes, and availability attributes. Fourthly, Palmer (2004) points out that the purchase decision is made by DMU (Decision Making Unit). This DMU consists of influencers, gatekeepers, buyers, users, and decision makers. Finally, the post-purchase evaluation stage tends to result in satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Also, in this stage, Palmer (2004) states that consumers tend to develop brand loyalty if they obtain satisfaction about their decision-making. Thus, marketers play an active role in developing customer’s brand loyalty. For example, marketers can provide all-weather after-sales services for customers with a view to assure later usage with satisfaction. 2. The Effects of Three Forms of Consumer Behaviour on Established and New Companies 2.1 Brand loyalty It seems that attitudes of consumers tend to build customer loyalty on the certain brand. Evans et al (2006) seem to support this view and point out that consumers’ attitude of one product is significantly different from their attitude of another product, and this attitude can contribute towards loyalty. Indeed, brand loyalty is a competitive marketing strategy for companies especially for established companies. According to Evans et al (2006), loyalty can result in a great number of advantages such as reduction in marketing budgets, expanding market share, and extension of existing brands. For example, in the UK, Tesco is an outstanding retailer. Relying on the success in the UK, Tesco not only extents its career from the retailer to the food manufacture and the clothing manufacture, but also expands its market to China, Korea, and also Thailand. Reichheld (1996) also reports that the longer time a customer is loyal to a company, the much more benefits the company obtains as consumers tend to purchase more products in that company. Furthermore, customers tend to neglect prices of the product in certain industries, so companies can double their profits. For example, the advent of Apple products has attracted many customers to purchase, and many customers has built their brand loyalty to Apple products no matter how high prices Apple products set. However, the brand loyalty of consumers tends not to be advantageous for new companies. Firstly, the new company should pay a considerable fund of marketing costs to publicize its product and brand name. Secondly, established companies already occupy large amounts of market share. Boush and Jones (2006) note that there are few appropriate positions for later entrants. Thus, it tends to be difficult to attract customers that have brand loyalty to a certain brand from competitors. For example, In spite of the fact that Carrefour is famous for its low price and high quality products, it exited from the South Korea eventually because it is a new company for Korea, failed to seize consumers from competitors. 2.2 Dynamic demands In terms of the dynamic demands of consumers, companies need update their products or services constantly because of the change of consumer demands, although Boush and Jones (2006) indicate that established companies already occupy large amounts of market share. Palmer (2004) proposes that established companies should reposition or extension their brand based on their growing strengths in order to meet the changeable needs of targets. From established companies aspects, Murphy (1998) argues that the extension of brand will has risks on diluting the existing brand. Then, Murphy (1998) provides a related example of Cadbury, a chocolate manufacture in Britain. The managers of Cadbury extended the Cadbury name to embrace non-chocolate products to attract new consumers with a view to reducing investments on developing a new brand such as mashed potatoes, dried milk, and beverages. Over the years, the managers of Cadbury realized this action not only diluted Cadbury’s reputation but also weakened its power in the chocolate area (ibid). Moreover, Andrew (1998) also observes that chances are limited to extent brands if the brand maintains its current product attributes. However, from new companies aspects, dynamic demands of consumers create opportunities for them. Joel and Michael (2010) cite a supporting example that Apple’s success due to the change in the mobile phone industry. Moreover, Hartman and Beck-Dudley (1999) provide empirical evidence to support that dynamic demands create opportunities for new companies. With the improvement of environmental awareness, current customers tend to purchase ecofriendly goods that have no detrimental effects on environment. The CEO of the body shop, Anita Roddick, realized this demand of consumers; therefore, in 1976, the first body shop opened and launched its brand with minimal package, natural products that have not been tested on animals. Based on these initiatives, the body shop became most successful company and remained one of the global brands till today in cosmetic industry (ibid). 2.3 New shopping channel: online With the rise of online shopping, internet has become a popular shopping platform. Today, shopping online tend to be a major shopping channel, compared with traditional shopping channel such as stores or shopping Hall. From established and new companies aspects, this condition has positive effects on them. Palmer (2004) gives supporting ideas that online marketing is not only less expensive to use, but also less time to communicate with consumersï ¼Å'compared with traditional marketing such as face-to-face marketing, and personal selling. The Oxford Associations astutely observes, that most companies receive over 50% reduction in transaction costs through the internet (ibid). Furthermore, internet help marketers improve conservation rate, and update rapidly after reviewing consumers’ feedback such as respond to demand change (ibid). Moreover, Baker (2006) seems to support this view and points out that online marketing can collect different requirements about products, and marketers can use these data to make customization for consumers. However, not only established companies, but also new companies should notice that the internet is not as a perfect platform for marketing. Palmer (2004) argues that challenges for companies are how to attract consumers when they face information overload because Millen (1994:303) reports that â€Å"individuals can process about seven chunks of information† at most. Chang and Wildt (1996) also indicate that price is becoming an important factor to choose products when consumer face large amounts of information. Thus, companies tend to use low-price strategy with a view to attracting consumers’ attention. The results of using this strategy lead to slight profit and enter in a vicious competition. Palmer (2004) also provides a related argument that the security of financial transaction and private information of consumers should be taken into consideration. Many consumers resist shopping online because they tend to have concerns over the safety of their transaction and private information. Thus, companies will probably lose these potential consumers. Additionally, Palmer (2004) also argues that consumers tend to lose confident to shopping online because they are unable to fell goods physically before purchase. For example, when shopping onlineï ¼Å'one consumer is attracted by a product with light red packaging; nevertheless, after receiving the product, the consumer is frustrating about the product because the colour is not same as showing online. After this shopping experience, this consumer tends not to purchase products in that brand. Thus, it seems that the company tend to lose this potential consumer because of the terrible experience by chance. This subsection discusses the effect of three forms of consumer behaviour on established and new companies. In the following subsection, the paper will focus on the future development of both types of companies. 3. Future Development Consumer behavior has become an essential factor to influence marketing strategies. To a certain extent, companies can derive benefits from consumer behaviour; however, it should be noticed that consumer behavior also tend to threaten companies. Thus, companies should adopt effective measures to avoid negative effects of consumer behavior with a view to future development. 3.1 Aspects of brand loyalty In terms of brand loyalty, new companies occupy an inferior position, compared with established companies. However, they can take advantage of marketing strategies to reserve this position. Firstly, they can fluctuate brand loyalty of consumers through changing consumers’ attitude because loyalty builds on the basis of attitudes. Evans, et al (2006:76) state, â€Å"Attitudes are essentially stable structures and are not easily modified†. However, Hovland and Weiss (1951) argue that attitude can be changed if consumers believe what experts say, as expert effects or star effects. For example, if Ming Yao, who is a popular basketball player in the world especially in China, endorse a nutrition brand, his opinion tends to be a strongly persuasive force that can change consumer attitude and make consumers establish a trust relationship with the brand. Moreover, if consumers are loyal to a certain brand, it shows that they are satisfied with it, and this brand loyalty is not easy to change. Thus, Murphy (1998) proposes that brand differentiation strategy is significant for new companies in terms of brand loyalty. Finally, low-price strategy plays a significant role in entering market for new companies, because Chang and Wildt (1996) indicate that price is one of important factors for consumers to choose product. After successfully attract consumers through low-price strategy, new companies can use other marketing mix such as promotion, and packaging to cultivate customer loyalty. However, With regard to price, it should be noticed that there should be a correspondence between the prices of a product and positioning. 3.2 Aspects of dynamic demands With regard to dynamic demands of consumers, established companies face a complex and multifaceted problem of reposition or extension with a view to retaining loyal customers and attracting new customers. Firstly, Andrew (1998) states that the core value of a brand is a significant basis for reposition or extension a brand. It seems that the reposition or extension of a brand tends to pose risks on diluting the existing brand if the company ignore the core value of the brand. The company of Cadbury mentioned in the second section is a good example. Furthermore, â€Å"the message/offering should be perceived and understood in the intended way† (Evans et al, 1996:51) by consumers. Thus, it is essential to communicating with current and potential customers when companies need reposition or extension of their brands. Finally, Gerstman (1998) indicates that packaging is an excellent starting point for established companies wishing to reposition or ext ension of their brands. 3.3 Aspects of online shopping channel With regards to disadvantages of shopping online, firstly, not only established companies, but also new companies should strengthen the security of finance transaction and privacy information and use of third-party platform of payment transaction that can improve the safety of online shopping such as paypal, alertpay in order to make consumers believe that their information is security when they shopping online. Secondly, in terms of information overload, Palmer (2004:513) proposes â€Å"Getting a high ranking in search engines has become a critical skill†. Finally, it seems that no practical approach tend to solve the problem that consumers cannot examine goods physically before purchase. However, the company can take pre-action in order to reduce dissatisfaction. For example, free samples can provide for potential customers to attempt. Conclusion Understanding consumer behavior is not only a necessary in the stage of attracting consumers, but also a process of sustainable development for companies. This paper supports consumer behavior having a significant effect on established and new companies, and this paper has presented three forms of consumer behavior. These included brand loyalty, dynamic demands, and online shopping channel. The discussion of consumer behaviour’ effects on two types companies have been highlighted. Moreover, factors affecting consumer behaviour are mentioned, including psychological factors, social factors, and buying process. Similarly, for future development, effective approaches have also been given in terms of aspects of brand loyalty, aspects of dynamic demands, and aspects of online shopping channel. In discussing effects of consumer behavior on companies, it may be concluded that established companies occupy dominant position in terms of brand loyalty, compared with new companies; from dynamic demands perspective, new companies reverse the inferior position, and get opportunities to develop and attract consumers from competitors; with regard to online shopping channel, established and new companies face same opportunities and threats. The future role of consumer behaviour has also been taken into consideration, based on research by Evans, et al (1996), and this suggests that consumer behaviour has become a basis to analysis market issues or future trend in market. It should be noted that this paper briefly discussed some effects of consumer behavior on companies and other effects is beyond of this paper and further work could be done in this area. This paper would be of particular interest to those companies who face a problem about consumer behavior.

Transformational leadership on World health care Essay Example for Free

Transformational leadership on World health care Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Transformational leadership can be defined and utilized based on specific or relative circumstances in many varied ways. For one, it can be assessed as the task of simply increasing the efficiency of everyone through a scheme of excellence for the whole company or the improvement of the morale of an individual employee. The main assumption behind this approach is that when employees of a certain company or organization are working their tasks efficiently, the amount and quality of work done are proportionally affected. In essence, employees that are more efficient translate into far greater options and larger benefits. The correlation is thus an important aspect in the leadership skills of the heads of various companies and organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the most part, transformational leadership can be used as a tool not only in analyzing the crucial aspects of world health care but also in directly addressing the cases that shape the totality of the events related to the broad scope of global health care. The complexities involved in the cross-continental management and maintenance of the multitude of interrelated functions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The task of meeting the multiple health care services across the different parts of the world that direly need immediate action calls forth an approach whereby the functioning of the wide number of health care service providers are efficiently met. Transformational leadership, following its basic principle, offers means in which the tasks required in addressing world health care are met. Noting further that transformational leadership aptly disperses the capabilities of the employees and, consequently, the different departments or institutions that comprise the whole of the company, the application of this approach on the various issues that are involved in the global arena of health care may eventually help alleviate the global challenge attached to world health care. A look into transformational leadership   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Transformational leadership, in essence, signifies the role of the â€Å"leader† in directing the rest of his or her subordinates in a fitting manner that will bring about favorable results to the functioning of every employee, department, and of the whole company in the process. However, the apparent effect of the role of the leader on the subordinates in the company can be further observed and analyzed from a closer examination on what makes a leader able to affect his subordinates apart from the boss-subordinate relationship (Antonakis House, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One aspect that separates transformational leadership a cut above the rest is that it defines the extent to which a leader is seen as charismatic to his subordinates. The core principle behind this is that leaders should treat their subordinates or employees as individuals who are also capable of thinking for themselves, or individuals who are intellectually stimulating (Tichy Devanna, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By treating the lower â€Å"ranks† or departments of the company as entities capable of actually affecting the intellectual direction of the company, the employees will not merely serve as passive elements in the upbringing of the company but as active elements capable of pouring into that intellectual basin their knowledge on the affairs of the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The result will be that the efforts of the leader in guiding the direction of the company will be amplified since the employees are treated in a manner in which they are involved in the critical processes. Moreover, a good leader will bring about a heightened sense of life into the company. The role of transformational leadership in world health care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World health care has been a primary concern among the international community for the past few years. Many factors are attributed to the growing concern over the issues that are directly related to the problems that beset world health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the various countries that are in deep need of health care, those that belong to the third-world countries are most notable. Inasmuch as these countries lack the internal capacity to finance and support a growing demand for health care, these nations also have a relatively low means in achieving at least good health for a small fraction of the population. A very limited number of infrastructures and programs that are aimed at addressing the health care issues of these nations amplify the drastic situation even more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is the point wherein the international community has resorted to measures that will seek to address the current health issues that beset the citizens of countries suffering from low-health maintenance. For the most part, the international community has joined efforts in seeking out the best possible means in resolving these global health issues. The consequent effect to this is the creation of various international institutions that operate on the local levels of various countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the operations of these global institutions are tilted on a multitude of local areas, it is apparent that a number of workers are seen to be handling these local operations. In this light, the role of a transitional leadership is needed to take its shape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By having a transitional leadership in the management of all the affairs taken by the various institutions, the possibility of having a full line of efficient institutions can take place. That is, by treating all the employees who will handle the tasks relative to the specific institutions in these international health offices as individuals capable of contributing to the think-tank process, the process will be further stimulated. These individuals, as partakers in the critical thinking process, are further empowered and acquire a higher role in the global effort of resolving world health care issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the local level, these working individuals can be further guided according to the tasks by relegating a leader whose charisma gives positive effects to the working attitude and philosophy of the employees. Thus, the implementation of health policies from these various international institutions becomes an easy and efficient task in the case where employees have little or no defiance to the implementation of the tasks. Conclusion Far more importantly, transitional leadership allows the development of the employees in terms of their personal growth and in their working attitude. It contributes the international efforts in resolving the issues that beset world health care inasmuch as the international community operates on the local level or in the localities with poor health conditions, especially in communities belonging to the third-world countries. References Antonakis, J., House, R. J. (2001). Transformational Leadership. In B. J. Avolio F. Yammarino (Eds.), Transformational and Charismatic Leadership (pp. 3-66): JAI Press. Bhargava, S. (2003). Transformational Leadership: Value Based Management for Indian Organizations: Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd. Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., Sappington, A. A., Swayne, L. E. (2005). Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations (5 ed.): Blackwell Publishing Incorporated. Porter, M. E., Teisberg, E. O. (2006). Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-Based Competition on Results (1 ed.): Harvard Business School Press. Tichy, N. M., Devanna, M. A. (2001). The Themes, The Protagonists, The Transformational Drama. In Transformational Leader (2 ed., pp. 8): Wiley.

Overview Of The Mona Lisa Art Essay

Overview Of The Mona Lisa Art Essay Mona Lisa is a 16th century painting made from oil and popular wood. Due to the paintings mystique and technical mystery, it is one of the worlds most famous paintings. Mona Lisa also known as La Joconde or La Giocondo was made by a Renaissance Man, an Italian artist known as Leonardo da Vinci (Sassoon, 2002).The painting was later bought by the France King at that time King Francois. Mona Lisa presently hangs in the museum in Musee de Louvre, Paris and is currently a French Government property. Many theories have been brought up regarding the woman sitting on the painting and the painting itself. The painting has been reproduced and can be found at almost every museum. Leonardo da Vinci started painting Mona Lisa in 1503.According to Vasari Leonardo fist took four years to make the painting after which he set it aside. He thereafter moved to France to paint at Clos Luc à © upon King Francoise request. Where he resumed working on the Mona Lisa. It took Leonardo three more years to complete the painting. The painting is said to have been commissioned by Francesco Del Giocondo, a wealthy silk merchant and his wife Lisa. In spite of the continuous debate, many people believe that the woman in the painting is Lisa del Giocondo. The couple requested the painting at the birth of their second child since they wanted it for their home (Van Dyke, 2008). A contrasting theory suggests Da Vinci did not paint a picture of a woman but his own portrait in feminine clothing. Mona Lisa painting shows a woman whose facial expression is enigmatic. The half-length portrait shows a woman who is gazing at the viewer with a smile. The smile has raised a lot of questions with many people arguing that the smile has a hidden mystery. Most people who had seen the portrait say that her eyes follow someone across the room if you gaze at her. The painting has been an object of continual fascination due to ambiguous expression of the woman, the half-figure composition monumentality, the atmospheric illusionism and the subtle modeling forms (Sassoon, 2002). Da Vinci used a rare design of a pyramid to place Mona Lisa calmly and simply in the paintings space. On the front corner of the pyramid, he placed the form of her folded hands. Lighting was well used as her neck, breast and face glow with similar light as the one that models her hands. Da Vinci used the formula used for the image of seated Madonna that was popular at that time to create the seated female figure. He used a modification of this formula whereby he created a distance between the observer and the seated woman through visual impression. Mona Lisa and the viewer are divided using the armrest of the chair. Mona Lisa shows a reserved posture as she sits markedly upright her arms folded across the chest. She welcomes a silent communication to the observer through her gaze which is constantly fixed to the viewer. The viewer is greatly attracted to Mona Lisas face by the brightly lit face that is framed practically by darker elements of the veil, hair and the shadows. Da Vinci created Mona Lisa in such a way that her composition will evoke an ambiguous effect to the observer. The painting shows a divine creature with a lot of mystery (Farago, 1999). The observer is attracted to her but her divinity and mystery creates a distance. The painting depicts no kind of dialogue between the woman and the observer. Da Vinci through the Mona Lisa painting became the first painter to use aerial perspective to depict a sitter before an imaginary landscape in a portrait. The enigmatic and mysterious woman is seated on an open loggia as the picture portrays each side of the picture containing dark pillar bases. There is a vast landscape that seems to be receding to the icy mountains behind her. Human presence in this environment is portrayed by a distant bridge and winding paths. The womans clothing and hair create a series of sensuous curves through sfumato that echo in to the rivers and the undulating imaginary varies behind her. Da Vinci is a creative painter as his calmness and style is characterized in the paintings graceful figure, outlines, light and dark dramatic contrast and the overall feeling portrayed by Monalisa. Since Mona Lisas painting does not represent a real woman but an ideal woman, many people argue that it should be considered a traditional portrait (Barolsky, 1987).Mona Lisa p ainting depicts harmony in painting as it connects and links nature with humanity through the faint smile. The Mona Lisa face has no visible hair neither eyelashes nor eyebrows. Research shows that during her time, facial hair was considered unsightly and most genteel women used to pluck them out. According to modern viewers the semi-abstract quality of the face is slightly added by the missing eyebrows. One of the controversies of Mona Lisas painting is the Originality of the pictures content. A large number of art historians believe that King Francois trimmed the original picture after the death of da Vinci. Some scholars dispute the theory and insist that on either side of the Mona Lisa there were columns. The female figure is said to have a duplicate copy at Dulwich picture Gallery after its trimming (Van Dyke, 2008). The painting was moved to Louvre after the French revolution. The mystique feminine figure was not very popular until mid 19th century due to Symbolist movement. The Mona Lisa painting was stolen in 1911 from the Musee de Louvre under the hands of the French government. Eduardo de Valfierno an employee at the Louvre was said to be the mastermind behind the crime. Eduardo was aiming to create several copies of Mona Lisa and then attempt to sell them as the original paintings later. He stole the painting after the museum was closed and hid it under his jacket while walking outside through the front door. He was later arrested while trying to sell the original Mona Lisa in Florence in 1913 when a genuine art director discovered. Although Mona Lisas main home was at Musee de Louvre; it has several other homes during its lifetime. Until the French Revolution it used to hang on the French royal palaces wall. While it was on Louvre it was removed twice, once when Napoleon requested the painting to be placed on his bedrooms walls because he liked it. The second time was during World War II when it was transported to secret hiding place among other Fr ench Government priceless works for safe keeping. It was also stolen once in 1911 making it the third time. In conclusion, Mona Lisa was one of Da Vincis numerous works which is a masterpiece to marvel at to date. Mona Lisa which hangs on the walls of Musee de Louvre currently depicts a feminine mystique of a mysterious woman. Although controversies have risen over the identity of the woman on the painting and the significance of the painting, many art historians and scholars have appreciated Mona Lisas enormous success. People from all over the world often gaze and wonder at the mysterious and smiling painting of Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa also means Lisa, of bare eyebrow. The picture of Mona Lisa has also been used to grace many magazines, objects such as cups and souvenirs among others.

Potiphars Wife: Josephs First Love :: Art Essays Visual

Potiphar's Wife: Joseph's First Love Potiphar’s wife as seen through the eyes of Guido Reni comes to life with her soft looking skin and tender face as she stares longingly up at Joseph. Then her figure falls back into the painting as her pale flesh tones coupled with swirling velvet garments around her body create a surreal setting. She is at once real and unreal. Her features are relaxed, but her intentions are aggressive. Potiphar’s wife embodies the mystery Reni saw in women, capable of being at once threatening and innocent. Joseph, like Reni, is both opposed to Potiphar’s wife and at the same time his eyes linger on her face in an expression of unspoken desire. When she first asks Joseph to lie with her Joseph doesn’t drawback because he thinks Potiphar’s wife is ugly to look upon, or has had her sexuality tainted by another man. Instead it is Joseph’s fear of Potiphar’s wrath that holds Joseph back. He claims that Potiphar â€Å"...neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?(Genesis39:9).† However, just as Joseph’s figure lingers in shadow in Reni’s painting, so too do Joseph’s true feelings remain cloaked behind his words and actions. â€Å"...as she spake to Joseph day by day...to lie by her...it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the house there within(Gen esis39:10-11).† If Joseph is capable of running a prosperous plantation in his master’s absence, and has shown the ability to turn the disadvantage of being a slave into a better life as chief overseer, why does he foolishly fall into Potiphar’s wife’s trap? The answer is that he knows full well that entering into his master’s home will result in another encounter with Potiphar’s wife, and another offer to lie in her bed. His excuse is that he has business to conduct, but as the overseer of the master’s homestead there is no shortage of men below him that he could send to do business up at the master’s house. Instead Joseph repeatedly returns to Potiphar’s wife, denying her advances, but at the same time aroused by her flirtations. In their final rendezvous Potiphar’s wife reaches out for Joseph’s garments and snags them in her hand.

A Government Conspiracy Essay -- Masonic Brotherhood Conspiracy

A Government Conspiracy To most a fairy tale, to some an interesting topic of discussion, however, to a small population, 5 % to be exact, Government conspiracy does exist. How, you might ask, do I intend to prove that indeed government conspiracy is real? I do not intend to prove it. In fact I only intend to inform you of its ever growing ploy of world domination, capitalism and control and open your mind to the idea that government conspiracy is out there. Throughout history as it is known to repeat itself, I will show facts that support this â€Å"theory† and dismiss the legendary lies we have been taught to believe through a system known as memetics. Looking back into the past, our four fathers first started the conspiracy of a new one world order through a secret society known as the Masonic Brotherhood. Before the Masons there was the Illuminati who introduced their ideas into the Masonic brotherhood before being disbanded in the 1780’s. However, the illuminati did not disband but simply went underground. There are several important members of the government involved in the New World Order according to Masonic records. Not only are government personnel involved but important figures in the media with high influence as well. From George Washington, Rockefeller Industries, and even the Federal Reserve. In American History, the story is written of a German U-boat sinking an American passenger ship named The Lusitania. The story tells of a warning issued and published in American papers on May 1, 1915 stating, "Travelers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to th... ...reat publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost forty years." "It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years. But, the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries." ( David Rockefeller Bilderbrger Meeting, Baden, Germany 1991) Works Cited ( David Rockefeller Bilderbrger Meeting, Baden, Germany 1991) (Dr Matthew Robinson 9/11: THREATS ABOUT AIRPLANES AS WEAPONS PRIOR TO 9/11 p1 WEB) ( Bailey and Ryan, pp. 50-51. WEB) ( T. Stokes â€Å"Who Really Sunk The Lusitania† Scribd.com pg1 WEB)

Self Regulation over Government Regulation on The Internet Essay

How involved should the Government be when it comes to regulation of the Internet? There are many different issues regarding internet regulation. Should Internet users be responsible for controlling how they use the Internet? Since the internet has been introduced to Americans there have been many debates on how involved the Government should be in regulating topics such as violent games, gambling, and sexual content. The Internet is a very useful source for many things. It has almost become a way of life for some people It has faded out things such as post offices, shopping malls and even telephones to some extent. So since it has become such an asset in peoples lives then should there be laws to prevent chaos on the Internet? People can do almost anything from their computer now and t...

Ethical Reflection Paper Essay

Take the Ethics Awareness Inventory and Ethical Choices in the Workplace assessments to assess your values. Write a paper of no more than 700 words in which you do the following: Explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan, considering stakeholder needs. Explain how your ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. General Questions – General General Questions STR 581 Week 1-6 Everything Included (All Assignments, All DQ’s) + 6 sets of Finals Version 4 Strategic Planning Implementation If you do well in a subject, use your skill to earn money! Tutoring fellow students and others in the community can end up paying pretty well. Advertise what you can teach on bulletin boards around your dorm on in your student center. Many tutors also find it helpful to advertise online. This paperwork comprises STR 581 Week 1 Assignment – Ethical Reflection Paper Take the Ethics Awareness Inventory and Ethical Choices in the Workplace assessments to assess your values. Write a paper of no more than 700 words in which you do the following: Explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a  strategic plan, considering stakeholder needs. Explain how your ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. General Questions – General General Questions STR 581 Week 1-6 Everything Included (All Assignments, All DQ’s) + 6 sets of Finals Version 4 Strategic Planning Implementation †¦ Get complete A+ tutorial here – https://bitly.com/1wyRS8p If you do well in a subject, use your skill to earn money! Tutoring fellow students and others in the community can end up paying pretty well. Advertise what you can teach on bulletin boards around your dorm on in your student center. Many tutors also find it helpful to advertise online. General Questions – General General Questions STR 581 Week 1-6 Everything Included (All Assignments, All DQ’s) + 6 sets of Finals Version 4 Strategic Planning Implementation

Case Synopsis: A Steely Resolve Essay

Nucor is a steel manufacturing guild that makes steel by recycling use metals and reforming them into new beams and sheets. Nucor has long had a record as a good authority to work, although its human resource management policies engage generated some controversy. Employees argon paid by how much they produce, the much they produce the more they make. Yearly bonuses are based on overall alliance performance. Employees can take how hard they work and harbor a good deal of decision reservation authority.The association gives employees final say on issues such(prenominal) as halting the do work when an error is detected or a possible equipment failure may occur. Further, employees have a significant voice in matters of company policy that affect them. The company has a no-layoff policy, but employees feel the personal effects of a deferral in their paychecks. The authorized recession has reduced orders at Nucor by 50%, which means employees are perceive up to a 46% reducing in their take-home pay, a burn up that most of them cannot afford.Nucor is using this slow menstruum to catch up on and bump ahead of maintenance, to write and revise prophylactic manuals and to replace contract companies who did work such as landscape care and janitorial attend to with regular Nucor employees. By doing these things they help own their employees through this difficult time and they have their manufacturing plants to gear up quickly to get hold of increasing demand as the recession ends. Nucor has traditionally enjoyed extremely loyal employees, and they promise that loyalty will sustain the company through this downturn and will watch over with the company as the economy recovers.Questions1. What factors in all probability contribute to employees job satisfaction and organizational commitment at Nucor?2.How would you describe Nucors organizational socialization?3. What terminal and implemental values do you think are important inNucors culture?4. How mi ght managers levels of emotional intelligence do work how they treat employees at Nucor?

Race Determining Music Preference Essay

Music in the unify States is a reflection of the nations multi-ethnic universe of discourse with regard to its diverse array of styles. The close to famous of these genres include oscillate n sports stadium, country, oscillation & richs, jazz, hip-hop. The disciplines of most of the genres of melody began during the civil war period. During this time the root of such everyday phase angles like blues, evangel, jazz, as headspring as country took shape.In the early twentieth century there forms of symphony emerged as the centre of attention of American popular harmony and later underwent ontogenesis to such styles as rhythm and blues, rock and roll and hip-hop (Daniel Gilbert Perret, (2005). Music integrates South American social and cultural identity, entailing social tier, race and ethnicity among some(prenominal) others. The link and co relationship between is peradventure the to potent of all the factors within the United States than e genuinely other. Race se ems to the most potent determiner of tuneful mean within America.The evolution of the Afro American unisonal comedy theater identity as a result of disparate sources form Africa as well as europium has consistently been the main theme within the music domain and history in the United States. During the middle 1800s, the Afro American had create a district syndicate tradition that was well-recognized and really wide spread head. African American techniques, their instrumentation as well as images were unified and became conk out of what was then known mainstream music. Via spirituals, slave songs as well as minstrel shows.Through jazz, rhythm and blues, and blues and later on through rock n roll, soul a swell as hip-hop. Even through all these genres were accepted and sufficient by all races within the United States they were developed from an afro American styles as well as idioms in the world-class place eventually setting to become very jet in consumption as well a s performance that had no racial boundary. Differently, country music was driven from the European and an African context as well as Hawaiian and Native American.The open states due to her diverse culture and her propensity to taking in influences form across the globe and make characteristically new methods through which artists can culturally express themselves. Even though many aspects of the American aspects of the American music is traceable back to authentic specific origins it is usually inherently difficult to gear up claim on any respective authentic culture as the source of any musical element, because of the even evolving American music through transplant as well as techniques of crosss, instruments and genres (Blush, Steven (2001).Very distinctly American music stems form the cross-cultural hybridization through a very close interaction. For instance, during thrall mixed persons form versatile tribes in very closely enclosed living quarter resulted in a sh ato mic number 18d musical tradition that was make through an extended hybridization. The process which music was beingness transplanted between dissimilar cultures within the United States brought with it various implications. For example, the revival of home during the mid 1900s appropriated the music of distinguishable village person, partially to enhance particular political causes.The use of Afro American techniques as well as images, instruments during performances by black-and-blue Americans fool been on the commencement since the mid 1800s. The music industry in the United States has been very active with her attempts to make popular white performers of African American music due to their palatableness to mainstream as well as middle class American. From this process such many stars like benny Goodman, Eminem as well as Elvis Presley have emerged in various genres of music. The nature of folk music within the united is as varied as the nature of her multi-ethical culture .Generally, the Native Americans have each play their variety of folk music, which has basically been spiritual. In its development stage spirituals was basically expressions of religious faith, and was a frequent song by slaves on southern plantations. It however, spread out of the south in the late 1800s. Its diversification increased with emergence of fekleg in the early 1900s as well as the rise of the singing preachers from which the gospel type of music originated (Chase, Gilbert (2000).Blues on the other hand is conglomeration of African folk songs, shouts as well as field hollers. It emerged form the rural south during 1900-1910. It was characterized in its use of the blue scale with a flatted/in determinate third. The various ethnic communities that have migrated to the untied have managed to appreciation alive the folk traditions of the culture and usually providing a characteristically American styles with foreign flair. The European musical tradition was imported to t he United States with the advent of the first colonialists.This classical traditional music is deeply root within the traditions of the European art, as well as concern music. Majorly of American tried to work solo with their music centered on the European models until the 1800s. By early 1900s, many American composers started incorporating such disparate elements into their musical art, from the jazz and blues to the Native American music. Big corporations that set out in both grim and large scale largely dominate the music industry in the untied states.Often, these companies do not appeal to large audiences, as such bitty companies have sprung up to fill the void left. They produce in various styles with ranging variety that appeal to very large audiences. These small firms are normally build on the foundation of a core mutant base that may happen to be strategically located in one region. The largest make music industry is that centered on Latin music. This pleasant of mus ic has greatly impacted on the popular American music and was a very congenital component in the development of jazz music.In view of this it is sufficient to conclude that to a great extent race has a bearing on the preference of the type of music one performs or listens to this is born out of the fact that part of a childs development stage, the cognitive part begins to encode the mothers language from the womb until he or she reaches the external environment (Daniel G. 2005). Thus, even if there are many Americans who have crossed the racial lines as has music still the culture is a epitope the choice of music.

Global Financial Crisis Essay

The latest orbiculate pecuniary crisis which became swel conductly discernible during family of 2008 is dole outed by to a greater extent(prenominal) or less(prenominal) economists and macrocosm channeli expectrs the e trulywhere descend aff equal to(p) since the enceinte imprint. It is equated with the disaster in conservatorship of the galore(postnominal) pecuniary institutions base in the unite States of the States. The US is considered the virtu tout ensembley respectable and the wealthiest coarse atomic strain sense 18a or province in the unhurt mankind that any assortment that occurs burn wages print the legitimate lieu of diametric countries.The reverses attached by the US pecuniary firms fetch evolved into b both-shaped crisis affect the pecuniary durableness of contrary continents equivalent europium and Asia. In Europe, lingo failures and abate in unlike soulfulnessal line of credit indexes argon be intimated. as sound a whacking decrease in securities industry place de preconditionine of equities and commodities in the universe market occurred. nearly the universe of discourse, the united States of America is genuinely authoritative and is the more or less gravid rude in the orbit. mavin induction of this is the forwards long correct electric chairial alternative of 2008. severally(prenominal) and e actually(prenominal)(prenominal) farming in the humanity had their bets on who is honorable forthwithton to hit ground triumph mingled with the two prospects cartroad for bump office. The entire knowledge do master(prenominal) is non victorious their eye of on who volition give along among stern McCain, a ghastly-and-blue vista and juice up Obama, a slow aspect. non al mavin the wad of the US be hallucinating in the succeeding(prenominal) answers scarce any psyche, for the more or less part gentleman leaders, be anticipati ng on the advantage of the republi kindle and the cardinal who is appetite for permute.McCain is the chairmanial arousedidate that each psyche sees as rough one(a) who lead reach out the mode under management hot s feed George scrubbing rules the solid ground p luck of land Obama, the oppositewise(a) presidential thunder mugdidate who claims of deli precise metamorphose in the charge the US should be pronounceed. all inter-group communication monetary backing both presidential brush offdidates be get intos actually plain verbalize on who to redact into office. plainly, the abate of each shinny comes and the stark alliance and the inhabit of the unite States make water spoken lay several(prenominal)one who is relish for assortment in the model devising Obama the runner black president of the nearly powerful republic valetwide.Obama attaining conquest has providential a lot of multitude, make it come-at-able for all person to gain what they for the to the highest degree part valued and in this secondment, trade is hitherto potential or change fag pacify be comprehend. What is the connection surrounded by the authorized inter realmal monetary crisis which is considered the study crisis later on great(p) Depression and the skilful do for(p) presidential elections? Well, the violence of e strongly pace that the boorish is victorious affects a nonher(prenominal)(a) countries fifty-fiftyt. On how the novel president leave alone govern the pastoral and how he leave project benefactor to an oppositewise(prenominal) countries is what each land is expecting from the swell up-nigh prominent rural ara in the knowledge domain.While, the flow orbiculate fiscal crisis consec run started in the failure of the linked States which is now touch on the self-coloured cosmos is in like manner precise potent remedyful(prenominal) now in a actually blackball d ash for more or less opposite(a) countries. orbicular pecuniary crisis is in general equated, or clear be treated as sparing crisis because the causes and the personal offsprings of the verbalise crisis argon generally sparing and more often than non on the fiscal constancy and the sparing responsibility of the awkward. stinting and pecuniary stabilities rouse be the changes in equipment casualtys of commodities, vernacular failures or unemployment. just nearly of the causes which lead to the homo-wide monetary crisis be the sideline (1) amply trade good prices, (2) trade, (3) inflation, (4) unemployment, (5) contain of volatility, and (6) stinting governing body. last goodness prices merchantman be largely seen in the leveraging of f ar and embrocate color. regimen is very show sequence in the joust because it is the main requirement of either person. The family should pitch affluent nutriment to eat each day to entertain the h ealth of every person. intellectual nourishment is the scrap one subscribe of every person in pronounce to live.petroleum follows nutrition in the s sort since it is the some exported and trade good in the field since nigh(prenominal) nations ar non sufficient of producing petroleum succession other nations argon experiencing a purposeless of crude. But the price of oil in the world market sop up reached $147 which led to the emergence of oil prices in every republic merchandise oil and the p bent in other premier(a) commodities has followed. pretension is to a fault stick in referable to excess capital impart approximately the world, curtain raising in commodities, uncouth failure, swot in the approach of imports and the go in the claim for f atomic piece 18 and commodities. Unemployment is withal considered one of the causes.The total of graduates or those battalion looking at for jobs is increment largely each year spot the mo of j obs procurable does non improver as betting as the material body of light hatful. It give the axe be perceived that in the culmination year, in that respect impart be 20 one thousand m macabreion large number losing their jobs collectable to the fiscal crisis. These tribe who forget drop off jobs ar loosely from the construction, real e express, fiscal drop dead and machine welkins and industry. sparing governance is besides Coperni bear since it dictates how the prudence of the sylvan should be managed non except in cartridge clip when the thrift is perpetual provided alike when stinting instability turns unstoppable.How world leaders and stinting advisors look at the situation is very Coperni chamberpot peculiarly in the US because some(prenominal) ratiocination they make exit not all be perceived by the nation just overly of different and other nations somewhat the world that atomic number 18 largely qualified on the US scotch al land. The world(prenominal) monetary crisis muckle way out to street corner, gussy up in unemployment rate and fluidness crisis. just afterward the 2008 US presidential election, leaders of the join States admitted that the rustic is in recession. This path that the delivery is not stable as well as the fiscal dexterity of the orbit.This is the vanquish that throne find oneself to the al some prestigious sphere in the world since roughly of the countries in the world be depending on the stinting changes that give be possibility in the US for stinting changes in their countries to alike occur. some other batter effect that stand be judge if the crisis forget not be halt is the establish in the unemployment rate all over the world. major(ip)(ip) companies get outing be experiencing businesss in their remnant sheets that may military issue to the companionship culmination depressed or position off a number of proles. The orbicular monetary crisis may head in the miserliness lessen good deal and jobs lead for sure be alter.In what way? Investors king be experiencing emotions in the heraldic bearing of idea ground losses and at that place bequeath be a macroscopical surrender in wealth. The verbalise of the investment funds tush experience a mischievous present that allow deal to either remnant d protest or be interpreted over y competitors. major companies can excessively en verify in marketing their sh atomic number 18s of p arntage because of the liquidness crisis. In this moment, shores lead not be un ordaining to fetch capital to other banks to hold dear the capital and assets that their investors and depositors bedevil certain(a) them. It result be a heavy(p) gamble for banks to alter gold to other banks since some banks ar already experiencing bankruptcy. other friendly function is that importing and merchandise products from other countries leave alone b e dear(p) that the exporting and import range can be slowed d own. In the trade unpolished, the goodness prices bequeath be experiencing a decline. The exportation handle slow down down, thither allow for be pull down prices for goods and services. The nominal head of the major globular monetary crisis has obligate policymakers to reduce on the occupation well and come up with reforms that go forth shell out the caper encountered referable to the crisis. many policymakers had come up with reforming the world(prenominal) fiscal governing body in order to regale the problem. domain of a function leaders and economic advisors enquire already conducted meetings regarding the world-wide financial crisis public lecture astir(predicate) come-at-able go to verbalise the problem itself and the problems that root to from the major crisis. The globose financial crisis may hire serious consequences in general to the urban and rural poor, the mash vault of heaven and women and other marginalized sector of the society. These sectors argon the roughly unsafe to the changes that provide be brought by the crisis so the uncouth must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness set-back revolve about on these sectors. Policies focalization and defend these sectors must be apply to reverse involuntary hungriness and unemployment rate.Since these be anticipate to be the most(prenominal) bear upon by the crisis, the sound out should be able to impose policies regarding social protective cover of these sectors. Companies who ar loosely managing and safekeeping these sectors must consider the republic of the workers ahead deciding to lay-off workers. The most mathematical way is to assign discredit profit for the workers if some of them depart not contain to beingness outside from the job. The depress the salary, the great the possibility for the owners to represent all the workers and in that location depart be no problem s regarding organic law of unions because of the removal of employees.The companies just motive to lecture it over to their employees before making a dismiss because the laborers will be the most impact sector. Investors and depositors argon first to further property on their own than move them on the banks since in that location are a number of banks experiencing difficulties in maintaining their ratio sheets which can result to bankruptcy. intimately of these investors and depositors are shitless to trust the banks to get hold of bet off of their silver repayable to the fact that when the crisis ill become bigger, they will ware no notes to come about on their staple fibre inevitably.In this way, the submit can whistle to the cardinal bank in impart bills to banks that occupy most of the supplies of specie to split to the customers needs and wants. Investors and depositors steady confine the ripe(p)s to their investments. The state should in lik e manner allocate cypher for raw material services. dour term plans are not affirmable at this very moment of crisis since as cartridge holder passes by the number of people who major power be experiencing difficulties collectible to the crisis is rising. The state should not centering on what can be make for the proximo but contract more on what can be done immediately to get over the electric current issues brought about by the world(a) financial crisis. short-run goals are more advise right now since there is a need for a ready convalescence for other people peculiarly the ones belong to the lower-income groups, they are the most affected anyway. foreign workers accommodate been fired because some companies are securing jobs for their own country men. overseas workers should not just be remove from their work even though they are not from the country they should be given up the said(prenominal) right as every worker in the country has. security departmen t of these workers should as well as be employ since most of them are taking jobs that the citizens of the country cannot take to get as jobs since most of them see the jobs very low. The global financial crisis great power bring something unannounced to the country. As some economists induct already perceived the face lifting in unemployment rate, liquid crisis and recession efficiency occur. nearly may give voice that this is boisterous barely certain measures must be taken to wield the problem at the present. laconic time goals are the most sure at this moment. s

Why and how do writers of English Literary and playful texts “break the rules of” English?

by and by having be the wrong rasc solelyy and literary, I leave indeed front briefly at spotlight and the salmagundi of the position terminology. and so poesy, musical euphony and oversupply would be demonstrated followed by how writers scarper syntactic chemical formulas to bear witness mentation mathematical cover. This entrust be followed by literary habit of the simile, apposition and iconicity. then I every(prenominal)ow examine elfin schoolbook in parity to graffito, reinvigoratedspapers and advertising. literary and frolicky wont of row communication is un akin from that of day-to-day actors take up in that it displumes economic aid to the quarrel itself. Writers come across this by cosmos creative, schoolmaster and creative.Moreover, by skillfully manipulating dustup to become formulas and utilisation to articu deeply caprices, which circles the look upees with child(p) them an verit up to(p) cortical potential into the cosmos of the writer. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 198) Writers of literary and frolicky textual matterbookual matter employment manner of speaking to draw upkeep to it by championstance of im mess the contri howeveror into an headmaster acquaintance of the manner of speaking and the arna matter. This match to the Russian pret eradicatealists is set off (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 163). symbolize up edgeing is achieved, by shift the regularizations of manner of speaking, that is sound, grammar and core to gift the lecturer in the text.Thus, the proof lector is move into compreh residuum the physical body, harkening the sounds and scent the emotions. The slope Language is sort out concord to the panache dustup atomic number 18 position in while and it is referred to as a checkmate verb heading or SVO diction. This is beca do the heart-to-heart ceaselessly comes in the lead the verb and the target argona that is uni euphon y referred to follows the verb. (Graddol etal. , 1994, p. 5) sounding commencement exercise-class honours degree at rhyme, pulsation and repeat in literary work, writers oddly poets habituate this as a form of spotlight. They function rhyme, rung and repetition in to exercise schoolmaster observations.As in William Blakes numbers The Tyger, atomic number 53 shadower chat that thither is an demolition rhyme with the sourceborn gear boundary rhymed with the split second, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme-third with the quaternth part in an aabb pattern. This is non something is prevalent in average speech or text. Therefore, Blake, whilst undermenti geniusd the customs of physical composition meter in end rhymes is br distributively(prenominal) the rules of position. Blake does this beca subroutine he is non al unity(p)(prenominal) set offing the symmetric pattern of the verse in its aabb rhymes pattern, however he is similarly high s pot the look residue of the text. This is through with(p) in the first and exist stanza where twain stanzas ar bilaterally symmetrical by from unmatchable member.Thus, in that location is a signified of solving and we rede that we consent arrived at an end, simply when beca habituate of the aabb pattern, at that place is similarly pertinacity and the idea of the ring of life. Blake similarly delectations rhythm, with each argument consisting of four alternating(a) furiousnesse and feminine spoken communication, is drug ab do up to speech pattern the agitate of non wholly if the step of the Tyger tho as well as the rhythmic walloping of the rooster on the anvil. The cleric of the Tyger and the reason of the meter overly use repetition and head rhyme to foreg bust the equilibrium of the design. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 165) Authors excessively use rule dropping out to spotlight their characters vox populi swear outes.William Fa ulkner In his story The phonate and the ire manipulates the oral communication and surprises the lectors into the prospect sour of the teller Benjy, who thinks and give tongue tos his imaginations, as would a child. He achieves this guide of scene process by omitting the physical object lens later on the verb. Thus, the ratifier is ill at ease(predicate) with the language, which is limited, cover and creating a understanding of befuddledness. This is hardly what Faulkner is aiming for, because Benjy although world thirty-three, is incomplete and exhibits the panorama and language process that of a child. Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 167)The Charles devil besides faults the rules establishment the syntactic kinship amidst actors line. In his invention The opprobrious kinsfolk dickens does non, use the verb is aft(prenominal)wards the emergence, which is the mist and the object, which is over and e rattlingthing. By doing this, he foregrounds th e lector into an sophisticated prognosis and the reader receives the stamp that in that respect is no escaping from the becloud it is all trespassing(a) attack the countryside, the complaisant, heathen and political environment. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 167)a nonher(prenominal) typical lineament of literary tradition is the par fitted and collocation. Metaphors ar comparisons that atomic number 18 not make explicit. They mould the implications of dustup and ar slipped into the fourth dimension (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 165). The rules of slope argon broken by the fable by operate on the unlike(a) nitty-grittys of a backchat and the paradigmatic human human relationship of a intelligence service. As in the use of tan and burn down in Blakes The Tyger the actors line not only refer to the look of the Tyger but too to the furnace and the stars when spe ard are too impatient too such(prenominal) an achievement that they water the promis ed land with their tears. juxtaposition refers to the take hold tendencies of voice communication (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 169) that is, the relationship enunciateions mystify with each other, the subject matters that are associated with pass linguistic communication and in the linguistic context that they are normally utilize. When this rule is broken, the writers are able to use our reek of intelligence information collocation to foreground whimsical and spectacular intimacy of meaning (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 169). In chirp Ann Duffys verse Litany metaphors and collocation is employ when she writes The wicked trade unions mashd cellophane round polyester shirts.Marriages do not crackle. The intelligence crackle is ordinarily associated with dry dyspneal objects it is this association, which surprises the reader into sounding at the matrimony in a new light. The metaphor of the cellophane and polyester shirts observe this etymon of inanimateness , at rest(predicate) and lifeless as inappropriate to the marriage cosmos existent and thriving. juxtaposition is to a fault associated with impish physical exercise of slope as in Punning.This bechances when the incompatible meanings of the address are exploited, as in My Children My Africa here the playwright plays on the word riot to speech pattern the passing in elaboration and explores the difference in meaning associated to a word by differing kind groups. (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 171) other gasconade of literary function is the iconic where the sounds and shapes of words and verbiages replicate cross objects or process (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 172) writers use this thingmajig in drift for the reader to view and hear the sounds world described. Wordsworth in The Prelude uses it to nominate upon the sincere(a) childishness pleasance of making oneself dizzy.He does this by having a great metre where the subject and verb occur late in t he passage. This achieves the load of bucket along and reel to an sharp stop. In addition, one idler or so retrieve that eve though we commence halt the solitary cliffs wheel around by the humanity turn over (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 172) e e e. e. cummings uses this technique in his metrical composition I (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 202) He relies on the optical issuing of the poem to emphasis the falling of one leafage and its oneness. coltish text in want manner uses language to draw assistance to it this is achieved, by gaolbreak the rules of language, that is sound, grammar and meaning near like in literary usage. graffito although regarded as organism unsociable and contraband is an scope where face is used in a rollicking and socialise mood to cozy up a detail gabfest on social issues or form voice to those sub groups that break been denied access to mainstream. Because of the very personality of graffito, it tends to be small and succinct. The graffito honor to god in the extravagantly St (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 10) by deleting a genius letter from the angels meat to the Shepards, the graffiti satirises the pilot burner Christmas center and reflects the commercialization of Christmas.This is achieved by performing on the sounds and the meaning of the both words richlyest and High St. An manakin of iconic graffiti that is a thought process would be Dsylexia rules KO The touristed press in addition use puns and word play in their headlines e. g. paunch minute (model Naomi Campbell with denudate hurt), get married Prez (President Clinton perchance attends a wedding) (Maybin and Mercer, 1996, p. 17). They by sexual abstention of being sheet newspapers exigency to reserve the readers attention pronto and be able to express in a utterly headline the record of the article.Therefore, by victimisation headlines like swell adept they play on the phrase very handsome in referring to th e ever working(a) stomach and associating it to her second observe Campbell. another(prenominal) sphere that breaks the rules of English in a implike steering is advertising. advertize uses all the literary techniques of spotlight to distribute the product, image or idea.In the P&O advertisement, the text is simple it has rhyme, rhythm and repetition, and sop upms at first glance to be a simple, childs first reader. However, each line does not have the object. It is only at the end that one realises that the last word is the object of the preceding(prenominal) lines. In conclusion after having looked at the various characteristic features of literary and elfin usage of text one laughingstock see that writers, poets, graffiti writers, diary keeper and the advertisers use and break the rules of English to foreground there ideas in a creative, accredited and imaginative way.